Parâmetros e ganhos genéticos em características de crescimento de bovinos Tabapuã da Bahia / Parameters and gains in genetic characteristics of Bahia Tabapuã bovine Growth

Compararam-se dois modelos (com ou sem o efeito materno) na estimativa de parâmetros genéticos por meio do fator de Bayes (FB) e do critério de informação da deviance (DIC). Adicionalmente, avaliaram-se as tendências genéticas, maternas e fenotípicas em características de crescimento de bovinos da raça Tabapuã do estado da Bahia. O modelo que incluiu o efeito materno proporcionou menores valores de FB (167629,2; 117341,2 e 124804,8) e DIC (174550,0; 120242,7 e 128037,2) para pesos aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade, respectivamente. As estimativas médias, a posteriori, das herdabilidades diretas e maternas foram 0,33; 0,43 e 0,44 e 0,15; 0,14 e 0,16 para as três características, respectivamente. As tendências genéticas para o efeito direto foram de 0,4415 e 0,3613kg/ano para P205 e P365 e representam incrementos de apenas 0,25 e 0,15% nas médias das características ao ano. As tendências genéticas maternas para as três características demonstraram perdas e indicam ausência de seleção de matrizes para boa habilidade materna. Apesar de existir variabilidade genética suficiente para justificar ganhos genéticos via seleção, estes e os ganhos fenotípicos foram pequenos, sugerindo necessidade de melhorias genéticas e ambientais.(AU)

We compared two models (with or without maternal effect) in the estimation of genetic parameters through Bayes Factor (BF) and the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). Additionally, we evaluated the genetic, maternal and phenotypic trends in Tabapuã bovine growth characteristics in the state of Bahia. The model that included the maternal effect provided smaller BF values (167,629.2; 117,341.2 and 124,804.8) and DIC (174,550.0; 120,242.7 and 128,037.2) for weights at 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of age, respectively. The average estimates, a posteriori, the direct and maternal heritability (0.33, 0.43 and 0.44) and (0.15, 0.14 and 0.16) for the three characteristics, respectively. Genetic trends for direct effect were 0.4415 and 0.3613kg/year for W205 and W365 and presented increases of 0.25 and 0.15% in the average characteristics of the year. The phenotypic trend for W205 was 0.7039kg/year. Maternal genetic trends for the three characteristics showed losses and indicate absence of selection matrices for good maternal ability. Despite the magnitude of the estimated direct and maternal heritability, they indicate genetic gain opportunities, genetic and phenotypic trends indicated few direct gains and no gains for maternal ability.(AU)

Tigeciclina versus vancomycin más aztreonam en el tratamiento de infecciones complicadas de piel y tejidos blandos: Experiencia en Latinoamérica / Tigecycline as effective as vancomycin plus aztreonam in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections: Experience in Latin America

BACKGROUND: Treating complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) can be challenging. Tigecycline was compared to vancomycin/aztreonam in patients with cSSSIs in a multinational trial; this article reports on the Latin American (LA) population. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive tigecycline or vancomycin/ aztreonam. Primary endpoint was clinical cure rate at test-of-cure (TOC). Several secondary endpoints and safety were also assessed. RESULTS: A subtotal of 167 LA patients from the multinational trial (N = 573) received ≥ 1 dose of study drug. At TOC, cure rates were similar between tigecycline and vancomycin/aztreonam in the clinically evaluable population.) Noninferiority of tigecycline could not be demonstrated (insufficient sample sizes). Tigecycline-treated patients had higher incidences of nausea, vomiting, anorexia; vancomycin/aztreonam-treated patients had higher incidences of pruritus and rash. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy results in the LA population were consistent with the multinational study suggesting that tigecycline is noninferior to vancomycin/aztreonam in treating patients with cSSSI.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento de infecciones complicadas de piel y tejidos blandos (ICPTB) puede representar un desafío. Se comparó la eficacia de tigeciclina versus vancomicina/aztreonam en pacientes con ICPTB en un estudio multicéntrico; este artículo se refiere a la experiencia en Latinoamérica (LA). MÉTODO: Se asignaron, en forma randomizada, los pacientes a dos grupos de tratamiento: tigeciclina o vancomicina/aztreonam. La meta a evaluar (outcome) primaria fue la curación clínica, denominada test de curación (TC). Se establecieron, además, metas secundarias y la evaluación de seguridad del fármaco. RESULTADOS: Un subtotal de 167 pacientes procedentes de LA, de un estudio multinacional que incluyó 573 pacientes, recibieron ≥ 1 dosis del fármaco en estudio. Al TC, los porcentajes de curación fueron similares entre tigeciclina y vanco-micina/aztreonam en los pacientes clínicamente evaluables). La no inferioridad de tigeciclina no pudo ser demostrada (tamaño de muestra insuficiente). Los pacientes tratados con tigeciclina tuvieron mayor incidencia de náuseas, vómitos y anorexia; los pacientes que recibieron vancomicina/aztreonam tuvieron mayor incidencia de prurito y rash. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de eficacia en LA fueron consistentes con el estudio multinacional sugiriendo que tigeciclina no es inferior a vancomicina/aztreonam en el tratamiento de pacientes con ICPTB.